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2016/06/08 12:47:54
Subject: Swiss residents to vote on referendum to guarantee basic monthly income. (Update on Page 4).
There is an economic theory, that with industrialization, governments will have to forget about deficits and continuously spend or provide massive payments in order to keep the economy going.
Alternatively re-employing barriers to trade will improve employment as well.
-"Wait a minute.....who is that Frazz is talking to in the gallery? Hmmm something is going on here.....Oh.... it seems there is some dispute over video taping of some sort......Frazz is really upset now..........wait a minute......whats he go there.......is it? Can it be?....Frazz has just unleashed his hidden weiner dog from his mini bag, while quoting shakespeares "Let slip the dogs the war!!" GG
-"Don't mind Frazzled. He's just Dakka's crazy old dude locked in the attic. He's harmless. Mostly."
-TBone the Magnificent 1999-2014, Long Live the King!
2016/06/08 13:12:15
Subject: Swiss residents to vote on referendum to guarantee basic monthly income. (Update on Page 4).
sebster wrote: It's quite amazing that people are arguing that wealth and success is all about luck, or it isn't related to luck at all. There seems to be little consideration that both elements play a part.
I mean, I do pretty well, and yeah I worked to graduate uni, get a professional qualification and work my way through a number of jobs building my resume and skill base. But I also started my career at the beginning of a decade long boom in the state, and that helped me get promoted and helped massively with my early investments. I have younger friends who did everything I did, but they're finding promotions much harder to come by, and are stuck with very high mortgages in a flat property market.
Really, I think the issue is that people tend to see the luck other people had but not their hard work, and tend to credit their own hard work but not their luck. The whole thing becomes a process of self-congratulation, instead of a means of understanding how the world actually works.
Monkey Tamer wrote: We'll never legislate our way into a fair world. Something will always be unequal.
False objective. We don't need to create a completely fair world in order to have been successful, we only need to create a more fair world.
And if anyone wants doubts how much more equal the developed world has become, I'd ask them to go and read about the horrific conditions that the bottom of society lived in 100 years ago, especially children. It was common and accepted that dhildren would die of malnutrition, or having lifelong stunted growth and mental development. Now those things are incredibly rare, and never happen through a simple lack of resources. We have produced a much more equal world by building the safety net.
I don't think anyone is arguing that luck has nothing to do with it. I'm certainly not. It's a combined creation of opportunity/chance/luck and hard work. When people have "good luck" it is often due to an opportunity occurs for a person who is prepared to take advantage of it. Opportunity by itself guarantees you nothing, neither does hard work. You can work really hard at your job and it can still be a demoralizing dead end job for you. You can't control the opportunities that come your way but you can control if you're ready to take advantage of them, if you've worked hard and created good references, if you are willing to take a chance, etc. The idea that we should dismiss the idea that hard work will get you ahead as BS is a terrible one. Working hard will help you take advantage of opportunities for promotions and better jobs, not working hard will hurt you chances of getting promotions or better jobs. Whether or not you get offered promotions or jobs and who offers them to you is beyond your control and the opportunities you come across are determined by chance and networking. It's rare to find success stories where luck and hard work weren't both involved.
Mundus vult decipi, ergo decipiatur
2016/06/08 13:49:21
Subject: Swiss residents to vote on referendum to guarantee basic monthly income. (Update on Page 4).
sebster wrote: It's quite amazing that people are arguing that wealth and success is all about luck, or it isn't related to luck at all. There seems to be little consideration that both elements play a part.
I mean, I do pretty well, and yeah I worked to graduate uni, get a professional qualification and work my way through a number of jobs building my resume and skill base. But I also started my career at the beginning of a decade long boom in the state, and that helped me get promoted and helped massively with my early investments. I have younger friends who did everything I did, but they're finding promotions much harder to come by, and are stuck with very high mortgages in a flat property market.
Really, I think the issue is that people tend to see the luck other people had but not their hard work, and tend to credit their own hard work but not their luck. The whole thing becomes a process of self-congratulation, instead of a means of understanding how the world actually .
I never argued that hard work doesn't matter...I've always said that it has a hygeine effect on success. Success is harder to get without it(it is pretty much required for it) however, you can also work hard and not suceed. Hard work does not guarantee success and I hate the myth that the lower income people are just lazy which is not true.
sebster wrote: It's quite amazing that people are arguing that wealth and success is all about luck, or it isn't related to luck at all. There seems to be little consideration that both elements play a part.
I mean, I do pretty well, and yeah I worked to graduate uni, get a professional qualification and work my way through a number of jobs building my resume and skill base. But I also started my career at the beginning of a decade long boom in the state, and that helped me get promoted and helped massively with my early investments. I have younger friends who did everything I did, but they're finding promotions much harder to come by, and are stuck with very high mortgages in a flat property market.
Really, I think the issue is that people tend to see the luck other people had but not their hard work, and tend to credit their own hard work but not their luck. The whole thing becomes a process of self-congratulation, instead of a means of understanding how the world actually works.
Monkey Tamer wrote: We'll never legislate our way into a fair world. Something will always be unequal.
False objective. We don't need to create a completely fair world in order to have been successful, we only need to create a more fair world.
And if anyone wants doubts how much more equal the developed world has become, I'd ask them to go and read about the horrific conditions that the bottom of society lived in 100 years ago, especially children. It was common and accepted that dhildren would die of malnutrition, or having lifelong stunted growth and mental development. Now those things are incredibly rare, and never happen through a simple lack of resources. We have produced a much more equal world by building the safety net.
I can agree with this. I'd rather us move toward a more fair world. There have been several instances where I wasn't rewarded for working hard, or worse, someone else was rewarded. There will always be factors beyond control, and I've learned to let go and not worry about it at night. Good people get the short end of the stick all the time, and it sucks.
2016/06/08 16:49:58
Subject: Swiss residents to vote on referendum to guarantee basic monthly income. (Update on Page 4).
sebster wrote: It's quite amazing that people are arguing that wealth and success is all about luck, or it isn't related to luck at all. There seems to be little consideration that both elements play a part.
I mean, I do pretty well, and yeah I worked to graduate uni, get a professional qualification and work my way through a number of jobs building my resume and skill base. But I also started my career at the beginning of a decade long boom in the state, and that helped me get promoted and helped massively with my early investments. I have younger friends who did everything I did, but they're finding promotions much harder to come by, and are stuck with very high mortgages in a flat property market.
Really, I think the issue is that people tend to see the luck other people had but not their hard work, and tend to credit their own hard work but not their luck. The whole thing becomes a process of self-congratulation, instead of a means of understanding how the world actually .
I never argued that hard work doesn't matter...I've always said that it has a hygeine effect on success. Success is harder to get without it(it is pretty much required for it) however, you can also work hard and not suceed. Hard work does not guarantee success and I hate the myth that the lower income people are just lazy which is not true.
For what it's worth I do agree with you on the myth that only lazy people end up on welfare. That's just bad zero sum politics that we get from having a two party system that pushes politicians to always oppose whatever the other side favors and act as if there are only two polar opposite sides to every issue. There will always be people that are happy to just work the system and there will always be people that desperately want to achieve better but are stuck in their current situation. Helping people that want to succeed is always worthwhile but unfortunately we typically have govt that tries a one size fits all approach so we help the people that don't care as much as the people that do care so there is always ample fodder for either side to spin to support whatever narrative they want to create. It's extremely difficult to get the people in charge to have pragmatic honest conversations about how effective our social safety net is, how it could be better and what changes we should make to improve it.
Mundus vult decipi, ergo decipiatur
2016/06/08 20:09:23
Subject: Re:Swiss residents to vote on referendum to guarantee basic monthly income. (Update on Page 4).
Helping people that want to succeed is always worthwhile but unfortunately we typically have govt that tries a one size fits all approach so we help the people that don't care as much as the people that do care so there is always ample fodder for either side to spin to support whatever narrative they want to create.
The problem isn't a one size fits all solution at all, the problem is a network of individual means tested programs that take away any incentive to increase one's income. It's this patchwork of programs that people have to navigate to where earning any money on your own can have disastrous effects rather than be rewarded and encouraged.
I say tear it all down and replace it with a guaranteed minimum income for everyone slightly higher than current welfare rates. This idea of paying out $3500 in Switzerland when their welfare rate is around $950 is totally stupid. The first goal should be the alleviation of poverty with a program that doesn't get clawed back when people earn more on their own.
When you say "help the people that don't care as much as the people that do care" I hear more means-tested nonsense that keeps people in poverty. As if we can evaluate how much someone cares and have that be a factor and dump anyone who we don't feel "cares enough."
2016/06/09 06:26:28
Subject: Swiss residents to vote on referendum to guarantee basic monthly income. (Update on Page 4).
Prestor Jon wrote: I don't think anyone is arguing that luck has nothing to do with it. I'm certainly not.
My apologies then. I might have misread as the conversation continued - people were making points and counterpoints and I read them as absolute positions.
It's rare to find success stories where luck and hard work weren't both involved.
Yep, this.
Automatically Appended Next Post:
skyth wrote: I never argued that hard work doesn't matter...I've always said that it has a hygeine effect on success. Success is harder to get without it(it is pretty much required for it) however, you can also work hard and not suceed. Hard work does not guarantee success and I hate the myth that the lower income people are just lazy which is not true.
Cool. I think we agree completely.
Automatically Appended Next Post:
Monkey Tamer wrote: I can agree with this. I'd rather us move toward a more fair world. There have been several instances where I wasn't rewarded for working hard, or worse, someone else was rewarded. There will always be factors beyond control, and I've learned to let go and not worry about it at night. Good people get the short end of the stick all the time, and it sucks.
Yeah, I got really worked up over a few instances when I was younger. To be fair one was an absolute doozy. I worked about 60 hours in three days to get a project up and fully running to meet someone else's arbitrary timeline... and then at the whole company meeting the CEO asked my co-worker to stand up and get a round of applause... because the CEO forgot who was the Management Accountant and who was the Budget Accountant.
Mind you, there's also plenty of times that I've looked great because of someone else's hardwork, I tend no to think about those anywhere near as often As you say, better to just let go.
This message was edited 2 times. Last update was at 2016/06/09 06:40:37
“We may observe that the government in a civilized country is much more expensive than in a barbarous one; and when we say that one government is more expensive than another, it is the same as if we said that that one country is farther advanced in improvement than another. To say that the government is expensive and the people not oppressed is to say that the people are rich.”
Adam Smith, who must have been some kind of leftie or something.
2016/06/09 18:27:00
Subject: Re:Swiss residents to vote on referendum to guarantee basic monthly income. (Update on Page 4).
Helping people that want to succeed is always worthwhile but unfortunately we typically have govt that tries a one size fits all approach so we help the people that don't care as much as the people that do care so there is always ample fodder for either side to spin to support whatever narrative they want to create.
The problem isn't a one size fits all solution at all, the problem is a network of individual means tested programs that take away any incentive to increase one's income. It's this patchwork of programs that people have to navigate to where earning any money on your own can have disastrous effects rather than be rewarded and encouraged.
I say tear it all down and replace it with a guaranteed minimum income for everyone slightly higher than current welfare rates. This idea of paying out $3500 in Switzerland when their welfare rate is around $950 is totally stupid. The first goal should be the alleviation of poverty with a program that doesn't get clawed back when people earn more on their own.
When you say "help the people that don't care as much as the people that do care" I hear more means-tested nonsense that keeps people in poverty. As if we can evaluate how much someone cares and have that be a factor and dump anyone who we don't feel "cares enough."
The point I was trying to make was that there are plenty of people out there that are trying to overcome the difficult circumstances they find themselves in and that our assistance programs should try to find those people and help them succeed in bettering themselves. Some people in bad situations are very difficult to help get out of those situations due to attitudes, behaviors and other factors. What works for some people isn't going to work for everyone.
The example that comes to my mind is the relocation of people out of urban housing projects years ago. Housing projects that are urban ghettos aren't good for anyone, nobody should want them to exist and nobody should want to live in them because they create a detrimental environment for their residents. However, simply moving everyone out to new locations/the suburbs isn't a solution to everyone stuck in a housing project. A change in scenery via a move to a nicer neighborhood can be the springboard some people need to get away from the bad influences and problems of a ghetto environment but if you just relocate every resident of the projects indescriminately then you'll also be relocating people who aren't ready or interested in changing for the better and sticking them in new neighborhoods where they are outside of their comfort zone and don't have the social support network they knew back in the projects. I'm all for govt assistance to help people I just want the govt to take the time and effort to get it right and do it effectively.
Starting in 1977, in what became known as the Gautreaux program, hundreds of families relocated to suburban neighborhoods—most of them about 25miles from the ghetto, with very low poverty rates and good public schools. The authorities had screened the families carefully, inspecting their apartments and checking for good credit histories. They didn’t offer the vouchers to families with more than five children, or to those that were indifferent to leaving the projects. They were looking for families “seeking a healthy environment, good schools and an opportunity to live in a safe and decent home.”
A well-known Gautreaux study, released in 1991, showed spectacular results. The sociologist James Rosenbaum at Northwestern University had followed 114 families who had moved to the suburbs, although only 68 were still cooperating by the time he released the study. Compared to former public-housing residents who’d stayed within the city, the suburban dwellers were four times as likely to finish high school, twice as likely to attend college, and more likely to be employed. Newsweek called the program “stunning” and said the project renewed “one’s faith in the struggle.” In a glowing segment, a 60 Minutes reporter asked one Gautreaux boy what he wanted to be when he grew up. “I haven’t really made up my mind,” the boy said. “Construction worker, architect, anesthesiologist.” Another child’s mother declared it “the end of poverty” for her family.
In 1992, 7-year-old Dantrell Davis from the Cabrini-Green project was walking to school, holding his mother’s hand, when a stray bullet killed him. The hand-holding detail seemed to stir the city in a way that none of the other murder stories coming out of the high-rises ever had. “Tear down the high rises,” demanded an editorial in the Chicago Tribune, while that boy’s image “burns in our civic memory.”
HUD Secretary Henry Cisneros was receptive to the idea. He spent a few nights in Chicago’s infamous Robert Taylor Homes and subsequently spoke about “these enclaves of poverty,” where “drug dealers control the stairwells, where children can’t go outside to play, where mothers put their infants to bed in bathtubs.” If people could see beyond the graffitied hallways of these projects, they could get above that way of life, argued the researchers, and learn to live like their middle-class brothers and sisters. Cisneros floated the idea of knocking down the projects and moving the residents out into the metro area.
The federal government encouraged the demolitions with a $6.3billion program to redevelop the old project sites, called HOPE VI, or “Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere.” The program was launched in the same spirit as Bill Clinton’s national service initiative—communities working together to “rebuild lives.” One Chicago housing official mused about “architects and lawyers and bus drivers and people on welfare living together.” Wrecking balls began hitting the Chicago high-rises in the mid-1990s. Within a few years, tens of thousands of public-housing residents all over the country were leaving their apartments. In place of the projects, new developments arose, with fanciful names like “Jazz on the Boulevard” or “Centennial Place.” In Memphis, the Hurt Village project was razed to make way for “Uptown Square,” which the local developer Henry Turley declared would be proof that you could turn the inner city into a “nice place for poor people” to live. Robert Lipscomb, the dynamic director of the Memphis Housing Authority, announced, “Memphis is on the move.”
When the Dixie Homes housing project was demolished, in 2006, a group of residents moved to a place called Springdale Creek Apartments in North Memphis, on Doug Barnes’s beat. They were not handpicked, nor part of any study, and nobody told them to move to a low-poverty neighborhood. Like tens of thousands of others, they moved because they had to, into a place they could afford. Springdale Creek is not fancy, but the complex tries to enforce its own quiet order. A sliding black gate separates the row of brick buildings from busy Jackson Avenue, where kids hang out by the KFC. Leslie Shaw was sold when she heard the phrase gated community mentioned by the building manager.
When Shaw saw the newly painted white walls, “so fresh and clean,” with no old smudges from somebody else’s kids, she decided to give away all her furniture. “I didn’t want to move in here with any garbage from Dixie,” she said. “I said to myself, ‘Might as well start over.’” She bought a new brown velour couch and a matching loveseat. She bought a washer and dryer, and a dresser for her 8-year-old grandson, Gerrell, who lives with her. The only thing she kept was a bookshelf, to hold the paperbacks coming monthly from the book club she’d decided to join.
Shaw is 11 years crack-free and, at 47, eager to take advantage of every free program that comes her way—a leadership class, Windows Vista training, a citizen police course, a writing workshop. What drove her—“I got to be honest with you”—was proving her middle-class sisters and brother, “who didn’t think I’d get above it,” wrong. Just after she moved in, one sister came over and said, “This is nice. I thought they would put you back in the projects or something.”
more of the article that I've spoilered to avoid a wall of text
Spoiler:
I visited Shaw in February, about a year and a half after she’d moved in. The view outside her first-floor window was still pretty nice—no junk littered the front lawn and few apartments stood vacant. But slowly, she told me, Springdale Creek has started to feel less like a suburban paradise and more like Dixie Homes. Neighborhood boys often kick open the gate or break the keypad. Many nights they just randomly press phone numbers until someone lets them in. The gate’s main use seems to be as a sort of low-thrills ride for younger kids whose parents aren’t paying attention. They hang from the gate as it slides open; a few have gotten their fingers caught and had to be taken to the emergency room.
When Shaw recounts all the bad things that have happened at Springdale Creek, she does it matter-of-factly (even as a grandma, she says, “I can jump those boys if I have to”). Car thefts were common at first—Shaw’s neighbor Laura Evans is one of about 10 victims in the past two years. Thieves have relieved the apartment management company of some of its computers, extra refrigerators, and spare stoves. A few Dixie boys—sons of one of Shaw’s friends—were suspected of breaking the windows in vacant apartments. Last year, somebody hit a pregnant woman in the head with a brick. In the summer, a neighborhood kid chased his girlfriend’s car, shooting at her as she drove toward the gate; the cops, who are called in regularly for one reason or another, collected the spent shells on the grass. “You know, you move from one place to another and you bring the element with you,” said Evans, who stopped by Shaw’s apartment while I was there. “You got some trying to make it just like the projects.”
In the afternoon, I visited an older resident from Dixie Homes who lives across the way from Shaw. Her apartment was dark, blinds drawn, and everyone was watching Maury Povich. A few minutes after I arrived, we heard a pounding at the door, and a neighbor rushed in, shouting.
“They just jumped my grandson! That’s my grandson!”
This was 64-year-old Nadine Clark, who’d left Dixie before it got knocked down. Clark was wearing her navy peacoat, but she had forgotten to put in her teeth. From her pocket she pulled a .38-caliber pistol, which was the only thing that glinted in the room besides the TV.
“There’s 10 of them! And I’m gonna go feth them up! That’s my grandson! They took him away in an ambulance!”
Nobody in the house got excited. They kept their eyes on Maury Povich, where the audience was booing a kid who looked just like the thug who’d shot up his girlfriend’s car. “She’ll calm down,” someone said, and after a few minutes, Clark left. I drove down to Northside High, a few blocks away, where the grandson had gotten beaten up. TV crews and local reporters were already gathered outside the school, and a news chopper hovered overhead. There had been two school shootings in the neighborhood that month, and any fresh incidents made big news.
Clark’s grandson is named Unique, although everyone calls him Neek. Outside school that day, Neek had been a victim of one of the many strange dynamics of the new urban suburbia. Neek is tall and quiet and doesn’t rush to change out of his white polo shirt and blue khakis after school. He spends most of his afternoons in the house, watching TV or doing his homework.
Neek’s middle-class habits have made him, unwittingly, a perfect target for homegrown gangs. Gang leaders, cut loose from the housing projects, have adapted their recruiting efforts and operations to their new setting. Lately, they’ve been going after “smart, intelligent, go-to-college-looking kid[s], without gold teeth and medallions,” said Sergeant Lambert Ross, an investigator with the Memphis Police. Clean-cut kids serve the same function as American recruits for al-Qaeda: they become the respectable front men. If a gang member gets pulled over with guns or drugs, he can hand them to the college boy, who has no prior record. The college boy, raised outside the projects, might be dreaming of being the next 50 Cent, or might be too intimidated not to join. Ross told me that his latest batch of arrests involved several kids from two-car-garage families.
Neek generally stayed away from gang types, so some older kids beat him with bats. No one is sure whether a gun was fired. As these things go, he got off easy. He was treated at the emergency room and went back to school after a few days.
In the most literal sense, the national effort to diffuse poverty has succeeded. Since 1990, the number of Americans living in neighborhoods of concentrated poverty—meaning that at least 40 percent of households are below the federal poverty level—has declined by 24percent. But this doesn’t tell the whole story. Recently, the housing expert George Galster, of Wayne State University, analyzed the shifts in urban poverty and published his results in a paper called “A Cautionary Tale.” While fewer Americans live in high-poverty neighborhoods, increasing numbers now live in places with “moderate” poverty rates, meaning rates of 20 to 40 percent. This pattern is not necessarily better, either for poor people trying to break away from bad neighborhoods or for cities, Galster explains. His paper compares two scenarios: a city split into high-poverty and low-poverty areas, and a city dominated by median-poverty ones. The latter arrangement is likely to produce more bad neighborhoods and more total crime, he concludes, based on a computer model of how social dysfunction spreads.
Studies show that recipients of Section8 vouchers have tended to choose moderately poor neighborhoods that were already on the decline, not low-poverty neighborhoods. One recent study publicized by HUD warned that policy makers should lower their expectations, because voucher recipients seemed not to be spreading out, as they had hoped, but clustering together. Galster theorizes that every neighborhood has its tipping point—a threshold well below a 40 percent poverty rate—beyond which crime explodes and other severe social problems set in. Pushing a greater number of neighborhoods past that tipping point is likely to produce more total crime. In 2003, the Brookings Institution published a list of the 15 cities where the number of high-poverty neighborhoods had declined the most. In recent years, most of those cities have also shown up as among the most violent in the U.S., according to FBI data.
The “Gathering Storm” report that worried over an upcoming epidemic of violence was inspired by a call from the police chief of Louisville, Kentucky, who’d seen crime rising regionally and wondered what was going on. Simultaneously, the University of Louisville criminologist Geetha Suresh was tracking local patterns of violent crime. She had begun her work years before, going blind into the research: she had just arrived from India, had never heard of a housing project, had no idea which were the bad parts of town, and was clueless about the finer points of American racial sensitivities. In her research, Suresh noticed a recurring pattern, one that emerged first in the late 1990s, then again around 2002. A particularly violent neighborhood would suddenly go cold, and crime would heat up in several new neighborhoods. In each case, Suresh has now confirmed, the first hot spots were the neighborhoods around huge housing projects, and the later ones were places where people had moved when the projects were torn down. From that, she drew the obvious conclusion: “Crime is going along with them.” Except for being hand-drawn, Suresh’s map matching housing patterns with crime looks exactly like Janikowski and Betts’s.
Nobody would claim vouchers, or any single factor, as the sole cause of rising crime. Crime did not rise in every city where housing projects came down. In cities where it did, many factors contributed: unemployment, gangs, rapid gentrification that dislocated tens of thousands of poor people not living in the projects. Still, researchers around the country are seeing the same basic pattern: projects coming down in inner cities and crime pushing outward, in many cases destabilizing cities or their surrounding areas. Dennis Rosenbaum, a criminologist at the University of Illinois at Chicago, told me that after the high-rises came down in Chicago, suburbs to the south and west—including formerly quiet ones—began to see spikes in crime; nearby Maywood’s murder rate has nearly doubled in the past two years. In Atlanta, which almost always makes the top-10 crime list, crime is now scattered widely, just as it is in Memphis and Louisville.
In some places, the phenomenon is hard to detect, but there may be a simple reason: in cities with tight housing markets, Section8 recipients generally can’t afford to live within the city limits, and sometimes they even move to different states. New York, where the rate of violent crime has plummeted, appears to have pushed many of its poor out to New Jersey, where violent crime has increased in nearby cities and suburbs. Washington, D.C., has exported some of its crime to surrounding counties in Maryland and Virginia.
Much research has been done on the spread of gangs into the suburbs. Jeff Rojek, a criminologist at the University of South Carolina, issued a report in 2006 showing that serious gang activity had spread to eight suburban counties around the state, including Florence County, home to the city of Florence, which was ranked the most violent place in America the year after Memphis was. In his fieldwork, he said, the police complained of “migrant gangs” from the housing projects, and many departments seemed wholly unprepared to respond.
Additional follow up article:
http://www.citylab.com/housing/2012/04/fresh-data-public-housing-relocation-and-crime/1698/ Snynopsis: Relocating people from public housing on a large scale in Atlanta and Chicago hasn't caused crime in increase in neighborhoods with relocated public housing residents but those neighborhoods do show a smaller decrease in crime than other neighborhoods. The areas with the largest increases in crime were areas that already had higher than average crime rates.
Mundus vult decipi, ergo decipiatur
2016/06/12 19:05:46
Subject: Swiss residents to vote on referendum to guarantee basic monthly income. (Update on Page 4).