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So during the Great Crusade and Heresy, the legions were structured into chapters ,which were in turn divided into companies. many of those chapter sub-divisions carried names that would go on to become the names of the 2nd founding Codex-derived chapters when they split up the legions.

would the chapter logos seen in the 2nd founding (and follow ons) have been in use as well? i know that the Templars in the Imperial fists were already using their teutonic cross emblem on their armor during the crusade, but they also seem to have filled a special role in the Fists, and might have been a special case as a result.

Uh I think so in a couple of cases but I can only think of maybe 1 or 2, so as a general rule of thumb not really.

It depends.
Some Legions had symbols and iconography that were adopted as the Chapter badge of some Successors. For example, the Black Templars took the Templar Cross and the Executioners took the crossed axes of the Imperial Fists dedicated boarding companies.
Other Chapters would use the personal heraldry as a basis such as with the Nova Marines and Iron Snakes.
Others would come up with their own heraldry and iconography but take names inspired by heroes or events. The Flesh Tearers take their name from the galdiator name of their founder, Nasir Ammit the Flesh Tearer, and the Fists Exemplar took the name after Dorn referred to them as "Exemplars of the new order".
I'll come back to this with a list of those that fit into the first category later because there are a few.

Did the BTs take the Knights Templar cross or the Tuetonic Knights cross? I see people painting up BT vechiles and Dreadnoughts with a Knights Hospitallers black uniform/white cross.

Then there's GW approved BT paldrons for initiates color schemed like the Tuetonics white background/black cross (sometimes you see this on all black Dreadnoughts), but with the Veterans they're able to have red cross like the Templars.

That said they are definitely modeled to some degree off the Tuetonics having Germanic themed names. Probably all three.

i was trying to decide how to paint up a planned modelling project. i was thinking of doing a HH take on the Carcharadons chapter, because i like that group's lore (mysterys and all) and there is enough stuff suggesting they were an out growth of the HH Raven Guard and its exiled terran origin marines. while many of the elements i know are workable (like the tribal markings stuff), i was trying to figure out if i should be trying to fit raven guard markings alongside the shark logo or not.

I would avoid using the Chapter badge as the tribal tattoo designs will be enough to give a hint that they might be the future Carcharadons and leave the subtlety in place. Adding the Chapter badge is a bit too much IMO.

As for Chapters that use symbols or icons found in their parent Legion, I've compiled a list below:

to be honest i've not decided yet whether i'm going to do them as pre or post exile. inclined post-exile, because i really like the shark logo and elements. i just like the idea of doing them as earlier when they were still developing some of those elements and still had more of their Crusade era gear and organization (and thus require a bit less complicated painting and converting)

it would just be before whatever event happened later that turned them back into an imperially recognized chapter.

part of asking this question was to sort out options. *shrugs*

I am pretty sure Alexis Polux was known as the Crimson Fist before he became chapter master of the chapter of the same name.

Likewise, Seneschal Rann had taken the twin axes as his personal heraldry, which became the symbol of the Executioners. The twin axes was a widespread battle honour as Gert mentioned, but the adoption by the Executioners appears based primarily on Rann's use of the icon.

Sigismund and the Black Templars is well known.

So whilst these symbols were all in widespread use, for early Imperial Fists successors it appears the personal heraldry of the founding chapter master is the typical source of the chapter icon.

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The Raven Guard had very few early successors and I do not know if there are any known patterns. However, the exiled Terran forces that became the Carcharodons were always Imperial. They were merely separated from the main body due to significant cultural differences- most of the Terran recruits came from a culture of slavers, whereas Corax and the Deliverance recruits were slave freedom fighters. In addition, the pre-Corax Raven Guard had predominantly been used as a shock reserve by Horus rather than a guerilla force as Corax fought, so they operated differently (something still visible in the heavy use of terminators by the 40k Carcharodons).

However, I am not aware of anything to suggest the Terran legionaries did not wear Raven Guard colours and iconography during the latter Great Crusade and Horus Heresy after Corax was found. The rebranding to Carcharodons probably happened in the Second Founding. Shark imagery was likely used in some capacity prior to this (the Terran recruits came from an area that is currently the Pacific islands and this is the source of the tribal markings).

 Haighus wrote:

The Raven Guard had very few early successors and I do not know if there are any known patterns. However, the exiled Terran forces that became the Carcharodons were always Imperial. They were merely separated from the main body due to significant cultural differences- most of the Terran recruits came from a culture of slavers, whereas Corax and the Deliverance recruits were slave freedom fighters. In addition, the pre-Corax Raven Guard had predominantly been used as a shock reserve by Horus rather than a guerilla force as Corax fought, so they operated differently (something still visible in the heavy use of terminators by the 40k Carcharodons).

However, I am not aware of anything to suggest the Terran legionaries did not wear Raven Guard colours and iconography during the latter Great Crusade and Horus Heresy after Corax was found. The rebranding to Carcharodons probably happened in the Second Founding. Shark imagery was likely used in some capacity prior to this (the Terran recruits came from an area that is currently the Pacific islands and this is the source of the tribal markings).

the Exiles seem to have been abandoned by the imperium, given that they were never called on post-Istvan, by either Corax or the Imperium itself. plus given that one of the exile fleets, the Ashen Claws, had gone full rogue (and got even used in the FW rulebooks as an example of a 'blackshield' force beholden to neither the loyalist or traitor side) i suspect that the whichever one became the carcharadons might have ended up the same way. adopting new logos and slowly, new traditions. (i like to think they found a few worlds post-exile with populations originating from the same sources as the xeric tribes of terra were, and recruited from them heavily).

so while the proto-spacesharks might have been imperial loyalists, they weren't really 'recognized imperial' due to lack of ties. at some point they came back into the fold, given that by the badab war they followed enough of the Codex Astartes for it to be mentioned in IA9, and carried documentation that while out of date, was apparently recent enough that the out of date nature was all that got mentioned. (whereas anything from near the great crusade or HH certainly would have been notable enough for mention.

my main reason for asking the question had been to figure out whether to use the shark logo i would need to go full post-exile, or of i could mix and match pre-exile.. or if i could mix and match as an early post-exile thing

The Ashen Claws only changed their iconography when they returned to the Imperium during the Heresy when they became Blackshields.
If the 11th Chapter did return and remained loyal there would be no reason for them to adopt any major changes to their iconography. The tribal tattoos would be just enough to forge a link but going all in with the Carcharadons Chapter badge would be excessive.