As you might guess, we've got a fair bit of pooled knowledge with regards to game and component manufacturers. This website:
http://www.jamesmathe.com/hitchhikers-guide-to-game-manufacturers/
lists about 75% of the companies used by most wargame companies and kickstarter projects.
In addition, they manage to miss the world's largest dice manufacturer:
http://www.dice.co.uk but most companies (like ludo fact and cartamundi) include dice as part of their board games creation packages. Also they list defiance games on their site who are known for taking money and not delivering for a few projects so avoid using them.
Here's another list of similar companies but without as much comprehensive info and is a great place to start:
http://www.silcom.com/~tomjolly/design2.htm
Here's a nice website for advice on attending trade shows:
http://tradeshowbuddy.net/list.html
Here's a nice page showing concept to completion for a board game with catan like components:
http://www.viktorygame.com/viktoryiihistory/
Please feel free to post replies in this thread with similar resources! If you wish to comment on any specific companies or resources, start a new thread here in the game design forum