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So the Thousand Sons has this relic:

EGLEIGHEN’S ORRERY

At the start of each of your Command phases, you can select one enemy unit that is visible to the bearer. If you do, then until the end of the turn the bearer has the following ability: ‘Fated Doom (Aura): While a friendly THOUSAND SONS CORE unit is within 6" of the bearer, each time a model in that unit makes an attack against the enemy unit you just selected, you can ignore any or all Weapon Skill modifiers, Ballistic Skill modifiers, hit roll modifiers, wound roll modifiers and abilities that reduce the Damage characteristic of that attack.’

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Does this means it will cancel transhuman physiology and similar abilities that affect wound rolls?

No, because transhuman doesn't modify the wound roll

Transhuman physiology is not a wound roll modifier.