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On page 23 of the rulebook it states:
When making pile in moves, the player whose turn it is moves his unit(s) first. If both player's pile in moves combined would be insufficient to bring any combatants back together , the assault comes to an end. All remaining initiative steps are lost - work out the assault result as described on page 26.

I do not understand what this means. Can someone give me an example of this happening?

When you remove the casualties from the combat, you can wind up with a sizable gap between the units. Normally, you would just pile in at the end of the combat to get models back into base contact.

If you can't, (because the distance between the units is too great, or there is something in the way) then the combat ends. Meaning that at the start of the next player turn, neither unit is considered to still be locked in combat.

I see now. I'm not used to considering taking units from the frontlines in assault combat. It makes sense now that I think of it that way. Thanks for pointing that out to me

Insaniak is right, but it can happen in the middle of the fight also.

Lets say two tac marine combat squads, pretty spread out when they hit.
Squad A assaults, and barely gets into contact, with the PFist guy in the way back.
Squad B is also spread out, with the Pfist guy in the way back.
On I4, the both squads Pile In, and attack each other. As luck would have it, they both cause 4 unsaved wounds. Thus the only two left are the two Pfist guys.
At I1, the both move 3" towards each other; but since they were 7" apart.... they fail to get into combat. Their attacks are 'lost', and the combat is over.

You then determine assault winner, morale checks, fall backs, sweeping advances, etc. Barring fall backs etc., the units will not Pile In again. (another 3"each) to get into base contact and wait for next turn. (If the second pile in still leaves them apart.... then they consolidate and are no longer locked in combat.

Yep, you essentially have the combat zones of 4th back, but they're 6" across now

Note that this is essentially the same rule as it was in 5e, except now you each get 3" instead of 6". That means it may occur more often, but probably unlikely still.

Not at all "essentially" the same rule, in operaiton it works quite differently. For instance you can stop MSS hitting important models, or any modek at all, as no Defenders React to being models in.

Hmmmm. Good. Sounds like my guard blobs might survive a bit better and longer now!