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If I where to buy a booth like this with a fan, would it be safe to use in a room with little to no ventilation or would I still need to crack a window or something?

You're still going to need to crack a window.
The narrow slot piece sitting on top of the hood is meant to go in that window crack. That fan has to blow the fumes and paint particulates somewhere and outside is better than in the same room.

Otherwise, it just blows paint and fumes back at you. Which is kinda pointless, really.

You can get away with venting it in a room with no ventilation, but it's a little more work. Basically, what you need to do is to give all those paint particles somewhere to go. Fortunately, paint is quite heavy and settles quickly.

So, take a large box (like, old ATX PC case-sized box, or a 2' x 2' x 2' moving box). Tape it up and cut a rectangular opening hole on one side just large enough to jam the exhaust pipe into it. Then, on the side of the box, near the top, cut another opening that's fair-sized. Duct tape a HEPA quality furnace filter to it (you can cut a strip of a furnace filter too).

Now, what will happen is that the paint will be sucked into the booth, down the tube into the box, and gravity will actually cause most of it to just settle to the bottom of the box. Some of it won't settle, and will try to escape with the air out of the exhaust - this will be caught by the HEPA filter. Every few months, change the filter (turn it around, whatever).

I did this for years when I lived in a condo, successfully. Paint dust never got "everywhere" the way it does when you don't vent.

Talys' way will work, but I found that the suction suffers quite a bit if you are restricting it - as soon as I vented into a wall, it made a huge difference.