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All of the following questions have come up in my gaming group as critical elements that seem unclear if you guys can help us out here we didn't find a proper answer on our own.

Do you measure distances to base of the model at all times for any reason?

In the fight phase if fighting an enemy holding higher ground (2nd floor of ruins, etc) with a unit of 3 models of which only 1 has made it 1" of an enemy. The other 2 are directly beneath after pile-in moves does this mean that only 1 model in the unit can fight? Even if the models beneath are tall enough (Assault Centurions for example) that their head is close enough to be within 1" of their squadmate's base?

Can a vehicle/monster declare a charge against units standing on 2nd or 3rd floor or ruins if it is tall enough to move within 1" of the enemy model? For example: Sydonian Dragoons or a Wraithknight. These models are clearly tall enough but their base can never be within 1"

Must coherency be maintained during fight phase? If I am engaged with more than 1 enemy unit after Charging can I pile-in and break coherency for the purpose of moving closer to the enemy.

Are aura ability range measured from base of model? If a Wraithknight had an 6" aura ability to grant re-rolls. And he would be standing next to a 4 story ruined building with a unit from the same faction on each level. Would all units benefit if physically within 6" of the Wraithknight body.

How does line of sight actually work in 8th? Unlike previous editions where you needed a model's eye view, current rules say "look from behind the model" this is very broad as any part of the model would fit this criteria does this mean Mortarion can draw line of sight from his Wings to a target? What is the proper way to determine if you have LOS.

It is clear in the rules that you can target an enemy if you can see "ANY" part of him, does this include Wings, Horns, Capes, Turrets, etc?

When a weapon has 2 ranges given, what does it mean? For example a Plagueburst Crawler has a range of 12"-48". Does this mean it cannot fire against an enemy unit within 10" or what exactly?

1 - The reason is the rules tell you to. Assume it's to avoid variances in model height/pose.

2 - you've got it. As its base-to-base and they're on the ground more than 1" away no fighting for them. You could instead use the Wobbly Model Syndrome rules to count them as partway up a wall so they can fight - it's in the FAQs... either Stepping Into A New Edition or Designers' Commentary. I forgot which - both are well worth a read.

3 - If on a base, not without house-ruling it so they can. If not, measure hull-to-base. Again, maybe one to house rule.

4 - Any move must finish in coherency or you can't make the move. See Movement Phase rules.

5 - Yes from the base. No, not from the body.

6 - You have it right. Any part to any part. Wong to barrel. Toe to face. Gun to gun. Whatever you can see at all you can shoot, if in range. Includes all parts of model.

7 - Bracketed ranges like that are minimum and maximum. Not stated in so many words anywhere, IIRC, but it's how it's played.

 Akaiyou wrote:
Do you measure distances to base of the model at all times for any reason?

In short, yes, unless it is a model without a base (measure to the hull) or has a special rule telling you to measure to the hull.

BRB Page 176 wrote:Distances in Warhammer 40,000 are measured in inches (") between the closest points of the bases of the models you’re measuring to and from. If a model does not have a base, such is the case with many vehicles, measure to and from the closest point of that model’s hull instead. You can measure distances whenever you wish.

 Akaiyou wrote:
In the fight phase if fighting an enemy holding higher ground (2nd floor of ruins, etc) with a unit of 3 models of which only 1 has made it 1" of an enemy. The other 2 are directly beneath after pile-in moves does this mean that only 1 model in the unit can fight? Even if the models beneath are tall enough (Assault Centurions for example) that their head is close enough to be within 1" of their squadmate's base?

If you're not within 1" or within 1" of a model within 1" you can't fight. That includes vertical distance.

 Akaiyou wrote:
Can a vehicle/monster declare a charge against units standing on 2nd or 3rd floor or ruins if it is tall enough to move within 1" of the enemy model? For example: Sydonian Dragoons or a Wraithknight. These models are clearly tall enough but their base can never be within 1"

Welcome to 8th, where terrain has no rules to cover this situation.

 Akaiyou wrote:
Must coherency be maintained during fight phase? If I am engaged with more than 1 enemy unit after Charging can I pile-in and break coherency for the purpose of moving closer to the enemy.

Yes for moving, no for taking casualties.

 Akaiyou wrote:
Are aura ability range measured from base of model? If a Wraithknight had an 6" aura ability to grant re-rolls. And he would be standing next to a 4 story ruined building with a unit from the same faction on each level. Would all units benefit if physically within 6" of the Wraithknight body.

You ALWAYS measure from the base (see above).

 Akaiyou wrote:
How does line of sight actually work in 8th? Unlike previous editions where you needed a model's eye view, current rules say "look from behind the model" this is very broad as any part of the model would fit this criteria does this mean Mortarion can draw line of sight from his Wings to a target? What is the proper way to determine if you have LOS.

FAQ covers this. Q: How do I determine if a model is visible to another model?
A: The models are visible to each other if you can draw a straight, uninterrupted line between any part of one model to any part of the other.

 Akaiyou wrote:
It is clear in the rules that you can target an enemy if you can see "ANY" part of him, does this include Wings, Horns, Capes, Turrets, etc?

Yes.

 Akaiyou wrote:
When a weapon has 2 ranges given, what does it mean? For example a Plagueburst Crawler has a range of 12"-48". Does this mean it cannot fire against an enemy unit within 10" or what exactly?

Technically, a range like that doesn't work RaW (see my sig). It's supposed to indicate a minimum and maximum range however.