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Are there still religions of the ancient days still present that people still believe in, albeit slightly changed so that they also believe the Emperor is a god in human form? Hinduism, Christianity, Confucianism, etc.?

I think if anything is still around it's been very radically altered to feature the Emperor exclusively.

Though IIIRC some books do suggest knowledge of earlier religions exist. The protagonist of Talons of Horus references pre-Imperial beliefs, but then he is a Thousand Son sorcerer and presumably well studied.

Machine cult?

Point of note, the Imperial Truth is in the category of "dead religions" by M42

The Imperial Truth isn't really a religion.

The Imperial Truth is "science and reason" not a religion.

The current Imperial Faith is derived from the Lectitio Divinitatus, the work of Lorgar, which in turn lead to the Imperial Cult, the current veneration and worship of the Emperor as a god.

The Emperor actively stamped out all the old religions, I think some of that is covered by The Last Church.

In the HH series Ollanius Pius is noted to hold onto some form of Catholicism, though given that it's been a long time since he went to church the tenants have probably drifted a bit.

For the most part though, no not really. The emperor made a big deal of stamping out as much of it as he could and the only major one to pop up after he did that was worshiping him directly.

People on some planets often worship local deities, so local religions might exist on some worlds, so yes, but only locally.

Also, considering the vastness of the galaxy, I think they might still exist in some way, although surely changed and maybe as a form of a cult, maybe a single or a group of planets, definitely not something widespread.
The big E tried to destroy all religious texts in the past, but it is rather unprobable he managed to destroy literally 100% of all of them. A few pieces of the Holy Bible might have slipped through.

A mirror question might be; besides Fabius Bile's twisted version of it, does anyone in the 41st/42nd millennium still believe in the Imperial Truth in total?

This is intentionally kept vague by GW and touched on in some contradictory ways.

The Imperial cult has always been a very wide ranging and variable thing, being vaguely centered on worship of the Emperor as a living god and protector of the human race and provider of the astronominican. Beyond that, details and beliefs get fuzzy and vary substantially, such that the worship of the Emperor on some worlds bears almost no resemblance to the practices on others and (barring the above pillars) are as alien to each other as anything on modern earth, or moreso.

Outside of some elements of the Inquisition and the Ecclesiarchy itself, nobody much seems to care however. On many worlds local religions are co-opted and converted to worship of the Emperor, and it's likely any locally isolated remnants of modern religions that survived have likewise been subverted, but in their original forms have certainly been destroyed. The fluff doesn't get much more detailed than that on the subject from what I recall.

Yah, agreed, I've always liked the fluff about this in 40k, and it's just as interesting that the Genestealer cult's almost co opt this idea of mirroring imperial cults into their own versions until the big reveal!