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I have been attempting to make some arctic camo guard and need some advice. I can't decide whether the light gray primer or white primer would be better to use. Also, can I use the primer as the base color or is that unwise? For example let's say I use white primer and use it as a white base color. Then add some varying shades of grey for camo patterns. Or grey primer...use it as a base and darker grey and white patterns. Should I put a coat of white paint over the white primer first? or grey for grey?

The other question I have is the choice of wash color. For white ive seen a blue wash used but would even that little bit of blue all over the model add to much color for arctic camo? Black seems way to dark to use..or am i wrong on that? Is there a greyish wash for white?
Lastly...would all the above questions have different answers for infantry vs vehicle? I currently have a valkyrie to go along with the guardsman thats getting the same color scheme.

The primer color influences the base layer - I suggest do a test model - that will answer a lot of questions for you.

I use white primer for my models that are lighter in color, and black for the ones which ill be dark...etc.

Regarding colored primers, they are awesome.
However, they also have distinct surface textures, which could affect the way the washes and other layers flow - so again, do a test.

For example, washes flow differently on a very smooth (gloss coated) surface than they do on a surface with bite (primer, or matte).

So, again, to be sure, I would do a test model.

Best of luck!

If you can get nice, even, solid coverage from your spray, there's no need to paint over it with the same color. Painting grey patterns over white will be the fastest method (white has poor coverage, but it's easy to apply darker colors over the top of it), but shading white is tricky. You may actually have an easier time priming in a light grey which can be highlighted up to white, then painting your grey patterns, as before. Either method gives you a white base to apply patterns to, it's just a matter of shading down or highlighting up to get there.

Using the light grey as your base, instead, is another option, but it will change the look. You'll have to do some tests and see which scheme you prefer. If it's the grey, you needn't worry about your methods - that painting is nothing new, you may just have to apply a few layers of white to get a solid pattern.

Vallejo Pale Grey Wash is your friend.