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Article



WASHINGTON (AP) — Racial attitudes have not improved in the four years since the United States elected its first black president, an Associated Press poll finds, as a slight majority of Americans now express prejudice toward blacks whether they recognize those feelings or not.

Those views could cost President Barack Obama votes as he tries for re-election, the survey found, though the effects are mitigated by some people's more favorable views of blacks.

Racial prejudice has increased slightly since 2008 whether those feelings were measured using questions that explicitly asked respondents about racist attitudes, or through an experimental test that measured implicit views toward race without asking questions about that topic directly.

In all, 51 percent of Americans now express explicit anti-black attitudes, compared with 48 percent in a similar 2008 survey. When measured by an implicit racial attitudes test, the number of Americans with anti-black sentiments jumped to 56 percent, up from 49 percent during the last presidential election. In both tests, the share of Americans expressing pro-black attitudes fell.

"As much as we'd hope the impact of race would decline over time ... it appears the impact of anti-black sentiment on voting is about the same as it was four years ago," said Jon Krosnick, a Stanford University professor who worked with AP to develop the survey.

Most Americans expressed anti-Hispanic sentiments, too. In an AP survey done in 2011, 52 percent of non-Hispanic whites expressed anti-Hispanic attitudes. That figure rose to 57 percent in the implicit test. The survey on Hispanics had no past data for comparison.

The AP surveys were conducted with researchers from Stanford University, the University of Michigan and NORC at the University of Chicago.

Experts on race said they were not surprised by the findings.

"We have this false idea that there is uniformity in progress and that things change in one big step. That is not the way history has worked," said Jelani Cobb, professor of history and director of the Institute for African-American Studies at the University of Connecticut. "When we've seen progress, we've also seen backlash."

Obama has tread cautiously on the subject of race, but many African-Americans have talked openly about perceived antagonism toward them since Obama took office. As evidence, they point to events involving police brutality or cite bumper stickers, cartoons and protest posters that mock the president as a lion or a monkey, or lynch him in effigy.

"Part of it is growing polarization within American society," said Fredrick Harris, director of the Institute for Research in African-American Studies at Columbia University. "The last Democrat in the White House said we had to have a national discussion about race. There's been total silence around issues of race with this president. But, as you see, whether there is silence, or an elevation of the discussion of race, you still have polarization. It will take more generations, I suspect, before we eliminate these deep feelings."

Overall, the survey found that by virtue of racial prejudice, Obama could lose 5 percentage points off his share of the popular vote in his Nov. 6 contest against Republican challenger Mitt Romney. But Obama also stands to benefit from a 3 percentage point gain due to pro-black sentiment, researchers said. Overall, that means an estimated net loss of 2 percentage points due to anti-black attitudes.

The poll finds that racial prejudice is not limited to one group of partisans. Although Republicans were more likely than Democrats to express racial prejudice in the questions measuring explicit racism (79 percent among Republicans compared with 32 percent among Democrats), the implicit test found little difference between the two parties. That test showed a majority of both Democrats and Republicans held anti-black feelings (55 percent of Democrats and 64 percent of Republicans), as did about half of political independents (49 percent).

Obama faced a similar situation in 2008, the survey then found.

The AP developed the surveys to measure sensitive racial views in several ways and repeated those studies several times between 2008 and 2012.

The explicit racism measures asked respondents whether they agreed or disagreed with a series of statements about black and Hispanic people. In addition, the surveys asked how well respondents thought certain words, such as "friendly," ''hardworking," ''violent" and "lazy," described blacks, whites and Hispanics.

The same respondents were also administered a survey designed to measure implicit racism, in which a photo of a black, Hispanic or white male flashed on the screen before a neutral image of a Chinese character. The respondents were then asked to rate their feelings toward the Chinese character. Previous research has shown that people transfer their feelings about the photo onto the character, allowing researchers to measure racist feelings even if a respondent does not acknowledge them.

Results from those questions were analyzed with poll takers' ages, partisan beliefs, views on Obama and Romney and other factors, which allowed researchers to predict the likelihood that people would vote for either Obama or Romney. Those models were then used to estimate the net impact of each factor on the candidates' support.

All the surveys were conducted online. Other research has shown that poll takers are more likely to share unpopular attitudes when they are filling out a survey using a computer rather than speaking with an interviewer. Respondents were randomly selected from a nationally representative panel maintained by GfK Custom Research.

Overall results from each survey have a margin of sampling error of approximately plus or minus 4 percentage points. The most recent poll, measuring anti-black views, was conducted Aug. 30 to Sept. 11.

Andra Gillespie, an Emory University political scientist who studies race-neutrality among black politicians, contrasted the situation to that faced by the first black mayors elected in major U.S. cities, the closest parallel to Obama's first-black situation. Those mayors, she said, typically won about 20 percent of the white vote in their first races, but when seeking reelection they enjoyed greater white support presumably because "the whites who stayed in the cities ... became more comfortable with a black executive."

"President Obama's election clearly didn't change those who appear to be sort of hard-wired folks with racial resentment," she said.

Negative racial attitudes can manifest in policy, noted Alan Jenkins, an assistant solicitor general during the Clinton administration and now executive director of the Opportunity Agenda think tank.

"That has very real circumstances in the way people are treated by police, the way kids are treated by teachers, the way home seekers are treated by landlords and real estate agents," Jenkins said.

Hakeem Jeffries, a New York state assemblyman and candidate for a congressional seat being vacated by a fellow black Democrat, called it troubling that more progress on racial attitudes had not been made. Jeffries has fought a New York City police program of "stop and frisk" that has affected mostly blacks and Latinos but which supporters contend is not racially focused.

"I do remain cautiously optimistic that the future of America bends toward the side of increased racial tolerance," Jeffries said. "We've come a long way, but clearly these results demonstrate there's a long way to go."

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[sarcasm]Whaaaat? This is impossible! Racism ended in the 60's, after the I Have a Dream Speech! If anything, the liberals are the racist ones! They always bring up race, no matter what the topic is![/sarcasm]
   
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The way to get rid of racism is to stop talking about race...so LoneLictor, while you were saying that sarcastically, you are technically correct...

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 jordanis wrote:
The way to get rid of racism is to stop talking about race...


The way to learn math is by not doing any math. Hmmm. Nope, that still doesn't work.

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 Ahtman wrote:
 jordanis wrote:
The way to get rid of racism is to stop talking about race...


The way to learn math is by not doing any math. Hmmm. Nope, that still doesn't work.

I think we need to differentiate cultural/systemic racism (ie, jim crow, arpetheid) vs. people are are donkey-caves.

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jordanis wrote:The way to get rid of racism is to stop talking about race...so LoneLictor, while you were saying that sarcastically, you are technically correct...


So, racists will stop being racist if we stop talking about it?

How does that work?
   
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Did anyone else think that the methods used for the implicit test were a load of hogwash? Or should I just get out my tinfoil hat?

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Well, pretty much any stats in psychology are weak, but implicit attitude tests like this are pretty well understood and are based in some pretty okay stats. I mean, I wouldn't put huge stock in this (or most other social science stats) but I still wouldn't dismiss it outright.

   
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I can't help but wonder if there's potential for confirmation bias in a study like this as well.

Racism has been making politics a stone cold pain in the arse to talk about since Obama came into office. I've had more then a few people accuse me of racism because I dislike the President and I find that entire train of thought "You disagree with me and dislike the Chosen One, therefore it must be because of his skin tone." is annoying as all hell.

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People are also accused of racism if they like the president i.e. 'you only voted for him because he is black'.

Arguing that racism shouldn't exist because we are all the same race helps deal with the problem with the language framing some of the argument, but doesn't address the problem of prejudice, whether overt or unconscious, and the prejudice is the part that is actually effecting people. It is like thinking if you change the name of fire to water and expect that it won't burn people anymore. Certainly language is a component, and I agree that 'race' is poor word to describe the differences in humans, but recognition of that one thing alone won't make things better for people.

This message was edited 1 time. Last update was at 2012/10/28 00:39:12


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. There will always be sexists, and racists, and people who hate Canadians. It's just the way people are. The only cure for (most) racism is time, but even as it becomes more and more fringe, there will always be some fraction remaining.

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 LoneLictor wrote:
jordanis wrote:The way to get rid of racism is to stop talking about race...so LoneLictor, while you were saying that sarcastically, you are technically correct...


So, racists will stop being racist if we stop talking about it?

How does that work?


It works because we stop putting people into arbitrary classifications, even if those classifications, theoretically, have no connotations.

Its why I think it should be illegal on any sort of document to ask for a persons race. Except for where any sort of physical description is required.


If we don't bring race up, it ceases to matter. And eventually it will dissolve in its influence on our thinking.

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If we don't bring race up, it ceases to matter. And eventually it will dissolve in its influence on our thinking.


Can't. Affirmative Action is in play

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 Jihadin wrote:
If we don't bring race up, it ceases to matter. And eventually it will dissolve in its influence on our thinking.


Can't. Affirmative Action is in play


An excellent case in point for why AA is lame and actually does the opposite.

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Racism is soooo Third Reich. Get with the times, and go lynch a rich person.


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Hey now...I'm considered rich...and I'm armed...and I've no issue knee capping lynchers

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 Grey Templar wrote:
 Jihadin wrote:
If we don't bring race up, it ceases to matter. And eventually it will dissolve in its influence on our thinking.


Can't. Affirmative Action is in play


An excellent case in point for why AA is lame and actually does the opposite.


An excellent example for showing that most people are completely ignorant of the purpose and function of AA.


As a side note, people keep bringing up racism, but the article isn't about racism, it is about prejudice. If you are uncertain to the difference, there is a website called google that can help you learn more, but a quick breakdown:

Racism: Thinking a race or ethnicity is inherently superior to others.
Prejudice: Not rolling up your window when a white person walks by, but rolling up your window when a black person walks by.

This message was edited 1 time. Last update was at 2012/10/28 02:29:58


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An excellent example for showing that most people are completely ignorant of the purpose and function of AA.


Ahtman don't assume I'm ignorant on AA. I'm neither for or against it but I understand the reason behind it.

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 Samus_aran115 wrote:
Racism is soooo Third Reich. Get with the times, and go lynch a rich person.


Lynching rich people is soooo Russian Revolution. Get with the times and protest against Scientology in a V mask.

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 Jihadin wrote:
An excellent example for showing that most people are completely ignorant of the purpose and function of AA.


Ahtman don't assume I'm ignorant on AA. I'm neither for or against it but I understand the reason behind it.


Then you can explain why your statement had nothing to do with Affirmative Action. The ability to bring up race in a discussion about race is not an AA issue. I feel you might be thinking of Political Correctness, which is not the same thing. Perhaps you meant something else, or perhaps you do know something more than you are saying, but as long as all you post are one sentence sarcastic responses with little to no information to contextualize what you mean you will continue to get confused responses, or make people think you don't truly have a grasp of what something is.

In all fairness though I was responding to the 'AA leads to racism' accusation.

This message was edited 2 times. Last update was at 2012/10/28 02:44:08


Amidst the mists and coldest frosts he thrusts his fists against the posts and still insists he sees the ghosts.
 
   
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No problem. I get what your saying. I will though admit I have covered it on race, business, and contracts. Those are the biggies. I also have covered down on individuals into the workforce. Its interesting when people can't really tell if I'm asian, hispanic, native american, pacific islander and the most famous one that I'm Laotion because of my lips......Shuma knows what "class" I am lol. AA though does include race. It does include size of the company making the business contract. Its also involve with workforce "make up". You might be more enlighten on me on one area but I'm sure I can enlighten you on the rest. Also what I mention on the above is just touching the subject. Worse and fun ones I will admit are the Afghan companies I dealt with. I'm sure between you and me Ahtman we take over this thread

edit
AA is just not AA on a specific. Regulations and policy are involve. The individual who makes the "decision" has to have integerty beyond repoach when called onto the carpetto justify a decision or action.

This message was edited 1 time. Last update was at 2012/10/28 02:57:47


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 Sturmtruppen wrote:
 Samus_aran115 wrote:
Racism is soooo Third Reich. Get with the times, and go lynch a rich person.


Lynching rich people is soooo Russian Revolution. Get with the times and protest against Scientology in a V mask.


Ah, right you are comrade! vlastʹ Sovetam!

This message was edited 1 time. Last update was at 2012/10/28 03:40:59



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Think I've been influence not to....if they look like the ones on the video...




but I also dated quite a few who part time as...well...watch the video



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You can't stop it, simply because no one seems to get it, let me break it down to it's simplest form!!

Racism is pre concived opnion on a person place or thing that our people have had a problem with. I personally never had a problem with dell computers but alot of my friends have and none say good things. So I am less likely to give them a try when people I know had trouble with them in the past.

These are the same tatics used to keep us alive for how ever long humans existed for. Hey 9 guys who went in that cave said there is a monster the 10th guy said it was a fairy. Now since no one wants to risk a injury or something bad happening we believe the 9 others. Or if we try dairy products 10 times and 9 times we get sick and nearly die I promise you you will not eat it a 11th time.

So racism is simply our way to avoid things we perceive dangerious people places or things. In this case people, many of us have had a problem with someone off a different race and if we have more problems with people of a different race by them being fewer or doing things we see as harmful in our experience then we are pre programed to avoid them. "ie. survive"

This is passed down by parents and grandparents onto the kids to teach them fire is hot it burnt me so it will burn you!! A lesson my mother taught me by simply steering me away from things she thought where harmful to me because they hurt her. So I may never have been burnt by them, but I know it will burn me because it was taught to me and maybe even to her by her mother or so on.

So for as long as there are 10 people, 9 doing things 1 way and the 10th doing it a different way the other 9 see as dangerious then the 10th shall be shunned.

To say it is simpley going to go away or stop is as stupid a statement as saying one day we will all float because walking is wrong. We are designed to do this and like it or not we do it well and it keeps us alive.

Final example on racism.

ie" A man from colour Z walks down the street he is insulted attacked beaten or scared of people of colour X. This happens 11months of the year where in the 12 month this does not happen to him. Now he has a child and looks down the street and sees several people of X and wanting to keep his child safe he turns the other way. This may have been the 12th month where they would not have hurt him in any form but he wants to keep his child safe. Several years pass off this until the child is grown the child will avoid people of X colour simpley because he was taught this by simple avoidence altho no one ment for this racism to happen. Now as more and more cultures hit each other and more and more different culturs meet there is more factions fighting for whats NORMAL and whats different, when a new culture is added the other 2 waring races seem to forget their difference and work together to get the newer one colour Y.

My great grandmother was yugoslavian and was given death threats was beaten assulted and all other things done to her. Yet when more and more started to show up and their culture started to become something more normal to the locals the racism was relaxed. Then the chineese moved in and the yugoslavian's and the locals all assulted them together.

So only true way to deal with racism is to find a new race, species or other we all dislike and then we shall work together long enough to kill it then we will be back at each others throats.

This message was edited 2 times. Last update was at 2012/10/28 07:50:18


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 Ratbarf wrote:
Did anyone else think that the methods used for the implicit test were a load of hogwash? Or should I just get out my tinfoil hat?

It's not just you. It's less offensively stupid here than some of the other times I've seen it used (like extrapolating from twitch reflex to make statements about decision-making spanning months), but it's still pretty bad.

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-

Never had any problems travelling through New England last year. Most people were friendly, but maybe that could be put down to to

a) New England being a more liberal area

or

b) Me being British, and the Americans fearful of tangling with us

The again, I am quite bulky, and probably would have sat on anybody that gave me hassle!

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What a bunch of crap. By their definition ALL people are racists. We judge on appearance/difference all the time. If you know nothing about an individual you will go on past experience. It is natural and it is common sense.

Example:

Every bald man that you have dealt with has screwed you over financially.
Every black man that you have dealt with has always been nice to you and reasonable.
Every fat man you have dealt with has been fair but if you are late they beat the crap out of you.
A bald man a fat man and a black man all offer you a loan at a reasonable rate. Who are you going to talk to about getting a loan first? I would start with the black man because they have always been nice and reasonable. If I couldn't come to an arrangement I would probably go to the fat man and only as a last resort would I go to the bald man.

The Morgan Freeman interview is probably the best. We start out on simplistic level - as a defense mechanism and naturally applying our experience. We hopefully end up categorizing them as "Mike Wallace" or "Morgan Freeman."

Racism - going back to my example - is knowing that the black man is going to be nice and reasonable but refusing to deal with him because he is a black man.

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