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I learned in art school about human proportions in general. The funny thing about eyes is that in a typical, non-hysterical or bugeyed person very little of the iris or whites actually show. The upper and lower eyelids and lashes are predominant. Look someone in the face or check a mirror.
Like some of the previous posts I work from the inside out. The whites of the eye are never pure white so I tint my white down a very little with grey. I white in the sockets, add a dot of black or color for the iris, then use thinned dark flesh to cut in around the eye shape till it looks right. Then I layer on lighter flesh colors to represent the lids, brows, cheekbones and such, being careful to leave a little dark flesh to shade the socket. I get the most control for the least effort this way, and I know when the eyes look correct.
If I have a paler skinned model with dark hair, I always try to add eyebrows as well. This can really add character, especially to female and/or sinister models.
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