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Tactical marines are versatile marines, you want heavy weapons you go devastators, you want close quarters you go assault, you want stealth you go scout. Unfortunately this doesn't mesh well with the rules of 40k where specialization is king. So yeah tacticals get a single special weapon because having more would make them too specialized and (in the fluff) unable to adapt well to a changing battlefield.

Perhaps part of the issue is that you can take a Devastator squad with heavy weapons, but there is no equivalent version that carries special weapons.

The Horus Heresy legion list has the Support squad that has every marine with a special weapon. I think the legion list also made tactical squads useful with the Fury of the Legion rule (the ability to shoot twice, by standing still and not shooting in the next turn).