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Star Trek has two outs for this; firstly the vast majority of the time you’re using warp drive, which is a direct energy process, no mass required, and they’re using antimatter-matter reactions to generate the energy, which is literally the best mass-to-energy reaction we currently know about. I think there’s also something in the TNG tech manual that even the impulse drives in that era are using subspace compression coils to add extra momentum to their thrust. I guess that’s similar to what you’re talking about using antigravity to bend the rules?

Second is they have replicator technology (aka space magic) to directly convert energy to matter, so if they’re getting really short of reaction mass for the impulse drives, they can just… make more.