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So does a model firing a gun emplacement need to stand in front of the gun so it can see, or is LOS drawn from the gun? Also, if a model is firing behind the gun emplacement, would the target get a cover save, as the target would not be wholly in LOS for the firing model? It says on pg. 105. that the weapon emplacement follows the normal rules for shooting. There is nothting about drawing distance from the gun or how LOS works if a model is behind it firing. There's just a notion that a model behind the gun emplacement receives a 4+ cover save. And do you measure distance from the firing model, or from the gun? It says int the BRB that a model can fire it instead of his own weapon, so if a model is firing it, do you draw distance from it and not from the firing model?

so to summarize:

a) does a model need to stand in front of a gun emplacement for the firing model to have TLOS?

b) If a model is firing a gun emplacement from behind it, does the target, if partly obscured by the gun emplacement, receive a cover save?

c) do you measure distance from the firing model, or from the gun emplacement?

The firing model needs line of sight from its eyes to the target. So yes, you'd need to stand in front/to the side of the emplacement.

If you stand to the side/behind/etc and part of the target is obscured by it, they'd get a cover save. This'd be hard to do without blocking LOS completely, though.

You measure from the base of the firing model, as normal.

The gun emplacement is really only just a piece of terrain that gives some extra abilities to the model standing in b2b.