Wow...Wall of text!
From what I've gathered:
No Black Templars
You'd prefer Space Wolves or Vanilla Marines.
You like Sternguard and Drop Pods.
Now, I'm not the authority on Space Marines (being an Ork player who has just gotten into CSM), but here's my input:
For fun, balance, ease of play, and a guarantee to get an update in every edition, play vanilla Space Marines.
Then, you can run an all Drop Pod list if you want (including dropping Sternguard onto the field). Heck, you could run an all-Sternguard force!
And in regards to making Combat Squads (splitting a tactical squad in 1/2), the extra guys are basically ablative wounds, purely there to soak up firepower and keep the special/heavy weapon alive.
Hope that helps! Good luck!
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