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Base paints are thicker than other paints so you don't have to apply as many layers (but it's still good to have two) and are used as bas colours, while layer paints are thinner and used as highlights. However, it's totally your choice if you want to use a layer as a base, you'll just have to add more coats since it is a thinner paint. Also, all paints should be thinned anyway, so experiment. I use a wet palette and that usually thins my paints nicely, so I don't use ratios or really know them. I just tend to remember combinations or jot them down in my sketchbook.
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