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Generally, "less is more." It's easy to go overboard with weathering/damage, to the point that the original model's lines get blurred (aside from potential issues with the plausibility of continued function). When applying chipping, for example, you can be thorough with the coverage, but keeping the individual chips very fine will ensure that you can still make out the model's shape and original color.
For chipping, I'm a huge fan of the sponge method ("sponge weathering" or "sponge chipping" should, as a search term, net you plenty of tutorials). Gives you total control over the placement while keeping the pattern of the paint application random. With a light touch, you can also apply a very fine pattern, if you choose. It's also a very simple method, at its core, although you can really go crazy with it, highlighting individual chips by hand. With a black base, silver or a light to medium grey are good choices for the applied color, depending on whether you assume a metal or ceramic substrate.
For metallic wear, a soft pencil or woodless graphite stick is also handy. Grind some up into powder to dip a finger into and rub over darkened or dirtied tank treads or other highly textured metal areas that see wear. The same soft pencil can be run gently over hard edges to show abraded, as opposed to chipped, paint over metal. Graphite has a darker, more subtle sheen than most silver paints, which looks quite realistic on things like ladder rungs which would get handled frequently, simultaneously being darkened and polished by use.
For dust, mud, rust, etc. weathering powders are a great investment, if you plan to do a lot of weathering or simply want the most realistic finish you can manage. There are scores of articles about them and tutorials covering specific uses, so I'll let others handle the explanations, there. Paint can be used for many of the same purposes, but will never be able to reproduce the resulting effect.
Any more specific weathering/damage goals in mind? This is all rather general, at the moment, but I or others can give you more direct advice (or links to appropriate tutorials) if we know exactly what you want to do.
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