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There are three different ways in which currency value varies.
1. If your national economy is weak, and foreigners don't want to invest in it, your currency will fall. This makes your imports more expensive and your exports cheaper. This is happening to the UK. In the long run, this encourages your population to buy less stuff from abroad, and foreigners start to buy more of your exports, so the situation should correct itself.
2. If your national economy is strong, the opposite happens. Foreigners want to invest, and your currency will rise and your exports will be more expensive and your imports will be cheaper. This is happening to China and Japan. This makes your population buy more stuff from abroad, but it makes it harder to sell exports to other countries. Again, there is a balancing effect.
3. Within a single country, the action of inflation can make prices rise, which is the same as the value of the currency dropping. Or deflation can make prices drop, which is the same as the value increasing.
Inflation can also happen as a result of imports getting more expensive due to the exchange rate moving against your currency.
The problem with the modern world is that there is a huge amount of saved cash for which investors are trying to find a home. If they invest a lot of it into Japanese Yen, for example, this causes the value of the Yen to rise, which attracts more investment because the cash held in Yen can be exchanged later on for a higher amount of Euros or Dollars, or whatever.
The problem with this is that the investment is very short term and can quickly reverse, pulling the rug out from under the currency, without strong reference to the underlying state of the economy. This happened to various Far Eastern countries such as Thailand in the late 90s, and created a serous international crisis.
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