The codex astartes has always been looser than that. Several years ago GW published excerpts that said, in a truly codex chapter, "Battle Companies comprise a mix of squad designations, usually six Tactical Squads, two Assault Squads and two Devastator Squads. This can vary however and some Chapters may organise include more or less Assault and Devastator Squads but never more than the number of Tactical Squads in the Company." That's the theory, you have to have more battle line squads than other squads.
Then in practice, in the Ultramarines' second company they have thrown in an extra Fast Attack inceptor squad beyond the two assault squads, but on the other hand one of the devastator squads has been replaced by five hellblasters. They have maintained a ratio of battle lines squads to other squads.
So they don't seem to do it by number of marines they do it by ratio of combat effective units. I think it's just as true now that there is a split in vehicles, since the squads are administrative somewhat and can usually be broken up for other assignments, like bike squads.
They all have a use. For example you say every company has a librarian, but they definitely don't; beyond fluff it was even in the rules for sixth and seventh edition battle company formations. Every hundred marines need to be taken care of by a chaplain and an apothecary who gives them their shots every week. Over a twenty year period that a a marine is a in a company, there needs to one person responsible for maintaining their discipline and health, tracking the condition over a long term and intervening. So just as basic condition for having marines, you need those two officers to maintain readiness. A librarian is an advisor, you don't need long term one per x number of marines you need them per deployment.
So the codex has these functional rules. You need a ratio of units and you need certain personnel per x number of bodies. The conventional battle company has been a really lazy meme for twenty years.
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