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Have not played a game of 9th. Am confused about modifiers for to hit and to wound.

My understanding is there's a maximum of +1 on both. You could be in aura range of an HQ and have another modifier that takes it to +2, but resolving your rolls would only allow a +1.

Feels like I'm misunderstanding the way things work. Help me out.

It's pretty straightforward. Take all active modifiers to the roll, positve and negative, and total them. If the final result would be greater than +1 or -1, simply apply it to the roll as +1 or -1. Some examples:

A Stygies VIII Sydonian Dragoon is targeted by an Ork Megatrakk Skrapjet's Wing Missile from more than 12" away. The Dragoon has two sources of -1 to hit - the Stygies VIII dogma (-1 to hit against shooting from more than 12" away) and the Dragoon's own Incense Cloud ability (-1 to hit against shooting attacks). The Skrapjet's Wing Missile has a bonus of +1 to hit against <Vehicle> targets (which the Dragoon is). No other modifiers are involved from stratagems or terrain, so totaling the modifiers gives an end result of -1 (-1 -1 = -2 +1 = -1). This is not greater than -1, so that is how it is applied.

Take the same example, except this time the Skrapjet's Rokkit Kannon is the weapon being fired. It has no bonus of +1 to hit, and is still subject to the stacked modifiers of the Dragoon, so we have a result of -2. This is greater than -1, so we instead only apply a -1 modifier to the roll.

This is in response to armies in 8th that have ways to stack enough negative 1 modifiers to require 7+ rolls to hit on a 6 sided die if your army’s bs was low like orks

Thank you for the replies.

Just to be clear, this only applies to shooting, correct?

Does the +1 / -1 limit also apply to wounds or saves?

It only applies to Hit and Wound rolls. All others are uncapped (meaning you can have -3 AP or +2 Dmg).