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Question came up.

when a model within 6 of the Primaris Ancient dies on a 4+ they can make one melee attack as if its the melee phase or one range attack if its the shooting phase.

Lets say a hellblaster dies in close combat, but he gets a 4+. Can he then shoot his gun?

No, he would get to make a single close combat attack. As he died in close combat.

but why?

Exact words are, "Before removing as a casualty. On a 4+ that model musters one last surge of strength before succumbing to its wounds; it can either shoot with one of its weapons as if it were in the shooting phase, or make a single attack as if it were in the fight phase."

The words "As if" make it sound like I get to pick, and whatever the unit is better at, shooting or close combat id use.

Otherwise why wouldn't it say "The model makes a single shooting attack or melee attack based on the phase the model was slain". ?

The rule for that doesn't have to be on the model, its in the rulebook. A model that can make a shooting attack as if it was in the shooting phase would follow the normal rules for shooting. Step 1 in the shooting phase says a model cannot make a shooting attack if its unit is within an inch of an enemy unit.

 PFI wrote:
The rule for that doesn't have to be on the model, its in the rulebook. A model that can make a shooting attack as if it was in the shooting phase would follow the normal rules for shooting. Step 1 in the shooting phase says a model cannot make a shooting attack if its unit is within an inch of an enemy unit.

Thank you for clarifying!

basically it's much better for shooting than melle. In the space marine codex - they have a relic that turns this to a 3+ to take place

 PFI wrote:
The rule for that doesn't have to be on the model, its in the rulebook. A model that can make a shooting attack as if it was in the shooting phase would follow the normal rules for shooting. Step 1 in the shooting phase says a model cannot make a shooting attack if its unit is within an inch of an enemy unit.

The model could shoot if it had a pistol, since models in combat are allowed to fire those in the shooting phase. It would depend on what kind of pistol you have and what kind of melee attack you could do instead as to which you want to do (odds are it's the melee attack)

 doctortom wrote:
The model could shoot if it had a pistol, since models in combat are allowed to fire those in the shooting phase. It would depend on what kind of pistol you have and what kind of melee attack you could do instead as to which you want to do (odds are it's the melee attack)

Agree with this (previous answers are incorrect).

The rule allows to either fire as if it were the shooting phase or make a single attack as if it were the fight phase, so you can do either (your choice), however if your model is within 1" of an enemy unit, then the only thing he'll generally be able to fire is a pistol at the enemy unit he is within 1" of.

Now, the real question is if the wording used allows a model killed in the shooting phase to fire a weapon 'as if it were the shooting phase', or does the fact that its already the shooting phase mean you cannot utilize this rule. That interpretation would make this ability pretty much worthless (so I'm sure that's not how it is supposed to work), but the way they wrote it makes it a valid question.