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So I was thinking of starting a custom chapter that would be based on or around Armageddon. I know there have been many battles there with Orks and Daemons, but that's the extent of my knowledge at this point. Was there anything special about it strategically? Was it simply that close to enemy territory? Would the imperium allow/request a chapter be made and stationed there as a first response force?

Industrial world that supplies all the nearby systems, so strategically very important.

A chapter being based out of there would make some sense. Hive cities there to provide recruits and a large number of veteran soldiers as well. Issue being the chapter would not be allowed to run it like other chapters do on their worlds. This is an Imperium world supplying Imperium interests. Having a space marine chapter take charge would not be acceptable to the High Lords of Terra I am guessing.

I was thinking of it being some what like Deathwatch. Though the chapter "recruits" would already be space marines from any chapter. Essentially when the ranks need replenished the word is sent to all Marine chapters. Any who would like to join are allowed to, unless they're already busy. They would be allowed to display their chapter of origin. If they die, and an apothecary is able to recover their gene seed it would be went to the chapter's home world. Though I imagine they might have to have a gene seed of their own to recruit from the surrounding planets in case marine recruits aren't readily available. Perhaps having them based on a near by planet would be ideal.

Armageddon, home of the Armageddon Steel Legion ( imperial guard mobile infantry ). Featured in :
Codex Armageddon ( 3rd ed, BT, Sallies, Orks ) and Apoc / Warzone Armageddon ( 6th ed ).
Currently IoM vs Orks. So Deathwatch most likely is active there.....

I'd suggest to use the template of the SM dex, if you want more than one chapter.
( Primary plus secondary detachment.)
Basically so many chapters went to Armageddon, yours surely has its place.

Armageddon doesn't have any marines based there, but there would definitely be chapters nearby.

The system itself is in an important strategic location, one the Imperium is not willing to surrender.

The Salamanders and Black Templar still have units deployed there to mop up the ork infestations, plus an undisclosed number of Deathwatch.

Not just them. The War of Armageddon is still a full-scale warzone, and projected to remain one for at least several decades. It's far from a "mopping up" situation, as represented by the continueing influx of Imperial forces.
A number of Astartes Chapters have withdrawn as their mobility-dependent strike capabilities are of little use in a "trench war" situation as it persisted during the Season of Fire, however. Also, the number of Ordo Xenos Kill-teams increased from 2 to 3.

- Force Disposition at the start of the war

- Force Disposition at the end of M41

Regarding OP's idea, I have to say that I find it not fitting in well with the studio fluff .. for my own tastes, it seems a little "too direct" as an insert, and the idea of recruiting members from other Chapters, obviously (and as freely admitted) inspired by the Deathwatch. On first glance, it just comes across as a haphazard collection of cool snippets from established material (thereby devalueing the uniqueness of its origins) without anything self-made, any "own ideas".
Obviously, this doesn't or indeed shouldn't stop you from pulling this off, I0k1 - the "fluidity" of what people commonly refer to as canon allows you to modify it until it fits your ideas, and you needn't give anything about the scepticism of individual posters on an internet forum. It is, after all, your army. But since you asked, I thought I should voice my thoughts.

As an alternative suggestion, how about focusing about first defining the unique aspects of your Chapter with own ideas, and then transplant them to Armageddon? This should result in a much more multifaceted army that doesn't appear like it was written for this one conflict. The Three Wars of Armageddon offer sufficient potential as hooks, although I would (given the passing of time) recommend focusing on the last two. For example, perhaps your Chapter did a short stint on Armageddon during the Second War (just a single Battle Company with elements from the Reserves), but something happened that instilled the idea of "unfinished business" within your Marines? Either they arrived too late to do much, or they lost one of their Chapter heroes in a battle, or they suffered heavy casualties due to Van Strab's betrayal, or perhaps a relic was stolen by the Orks and never recovered. This is why your Chapter is one of the first to respond when the Armageddon Command Council issues a call to arms in preparation for Ghazghkull's second invasion, and it does so in full force, arriving early to establish a base of operations on the planet (nearby or inside one of the hives? or perhaps the mountains? the old Armageddon 3 global campaign website has a cool map you could use) and then getting ready to settle their score with the Orks.

Just off the top of my head, of course. I'm sure you can come up with plenty of ideas like that yourself.

Many thanks Lynata! Your response is exactly the type I was hoping for! My idea seems haphazard because it was something that came to me literally right before I posted. My knowledge of the 40k cannon is pretty limited and I was hoping someone would be able to come in and poke holes in my basic idea so that I could modify it from there to work better with the official story.

Flame me for saying it, but since I plan on starting a SM army that will be mostly out of DV models, and one that will most likely be used with any SM codex, this is why I chose to go with a "Deathwatch inspired" chapter. This would work into why I flip between books, and also why some of my models would bear the DA heraldry.

To further my idea on the chapter's tactics, and also somewhat expand on why they flip flop books, the chapter, while being primarily adept at trench warfare, and siege warfare, also knows that value of hit and run tactics to take out supply lines or guerrilla warfare to slow troop movements. Thus they would tend to familiarize themselves with all forms of warfare tactics.

Yeah, I don't see a place for this working out. Marines are proud of their chapter and progenitor 1st founders (when they know them), so the idea that they would join another chapter or be given over to another chapter is a BIG stretch to me. Marines that go to the Death Watch show their parent chapter, because after a stint of servie they can return to said chapter. Such as Korvydae of the Raven Guard who decides to go to the Death Watch after Novem disaster.

Armageddon is too hotly contested for a Marine chapter to be 'stationed' there. Most chapters don't make out well fighting on Armageddon let alone basing themselves there. It's in a state of constant war, and recruiting and training of marines would be nearly impossible.

Ok well how about after the 2nd war for Armageddon a chapter attempted to set up by members of Deathwatch who had finished their missions according to the inquisition, but strongly felt that their mission of killing Orks wasn't finished. During the 3rd war the fledgling chapter was wiped up partially due Von Strab's betrayal before it could get to full fighting strength?

The Deathwatch are not a permanent Chapter. Their members (save a very, very small percentage) are "borrowed" from other Chapters for a tour of duty and then (assuming they survive) return to their home Chapter, possessing Deathwatch Honors as well as new information on Xenos threats.

Those who are permanent members stay in the Deathwatch for very good reasons... some of which can be because they are welcome nowhere else in the Imperium.

They are not a permanent chapter, but wouldn't it make sense for them to at least attempt something more permanent on a valuable strategic point that is under constant attack by xenos?

That's what the Armageddon Steel Legion is for. The Imperial Guard regiments that are raised from Armageddon.

Would the black templars establish a chapter keep on armagedon after/during the 3rd war? Do they still do that in the new fluff (I don't have the new SM codex) That could be an option.

The Black Templar establish chapter keeps while on crusade (and when there are no other chapters around). The particular BT fleet at Armageddon is part of a much larger group of chapters.