So, starting with pg 8, there are rules for Line of Sight. So if a model is up against an ADL, and you look from their eyes, you'll notice that a target 18" away isn't obscured by the ADL.
On the other hand, a model 18" from an ADL that shoots at a model on the other side of an ADL, will have most of that model obscured by the ADL, so that model gets a cover save.
Note, that there's a 25% "obscured" rule that applies to models wishing to take a cover save, that aren't in area terrain. Refer to pg 18, "Determining Cover Saves" top left.
So you take those two together, and that's why a model near to an ADL will probably get a cover save, while a model that's further away probably wont.
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