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Is there a system for simulating dogfights in 40k like Kill Team does for skirmish combat?

You have a couple, ok three options. First was death from the skies. Next would be Stormcloud attack. Last would be Aeronautics imperialias an out of print Forge world game. Death from the skies was a 6th ed I believe supplement just weeks before 7th dropped. Stormcloud attack used its own set of rules.

In 7th there was a supplement for simulating air combat, though I don't know much about it as my group never used it.

40k in general is poorly scaled to handle large scale air combat despite GW shoe horning in flyers at the end of 5th.

There used to be a game called Stormcloud Attack but it hasn't been updated to 8th as far as I am aware.

Try page 268 in the BRB.

It's not super comprehensive, but it's 8e's fighter dogfighting rules.

I like AI, but needing to track speed/altitude for your planes means you really need to find the bases (or some equivalent) with the dials even if you have proxy aircraft, which is a pain.

Your choices:

Aeronautica Imperialis was essentially a 40k version of X-Wing (or various historical games in the genre) using Epic-scale aircraft models. Elegant rules, core mechanic of committing to hidden maneuver choices and anticipating what your opponent is going to do, etc. It's the best of the games from a pure gaming point of view and definitely the best representation of the fluff, but the game has been OOP for years so getting the materials to play is going to be expensive. Expect to pay $50+ for a pair of common fighters (Thunderbolt, Barracuda, etc), $100 or more if you're talking about the less common stuff. I've been looking for a Marauder Vigilant for a while and IIRC the only one I've even seen on ebay went for $200+. IMO it's worth the investment, but it's a lot of investment. Expect to have to buy multiple squadrons and provide both sides for a game.

Stormcloud Attack suffers from being one of GW's throwaway games that was included in a discount box. It has some ideas with potential if you're committed to a 28mm scale 40k air combat game, but they were never really developed into a final form and the aircraft you can use are limited to the ones that came in the discount box. So you get absurdity like the Imperial Navy having Valkyries as their unit instead of Thunderbolts or Lightnings and the mission design is severely lacking in depth. And of course ongoing support is nonexistent, so you're stuck with this half-finished product. It's ok if you just want an easy way to spend an afternoon playing with some models from your existing collection, but it's not going to give you much beyond that.

The various 40k supplements are all trash. The 7th edition one is literally "play rock/paper/scissors to see who gets better dice this round" and even openly suggests that you roll a die to randomly decide what maneuver your pilot selects. Which is fine, because there's no strategy whatsoever and rolling to pick your move each turn is exactly as effective as making "choices". 8th edition's rules are marginally better because it's such a low bar to clear, but they're still extremely basic and not really suitable for anything beyond adding a tiny bit of additional depth to aircraft in your normal games.

Strangely enough for Stormcloud attack there is an ap which has the stats for all the flyers from GW (not forgeworld) along with the rules and a pilot career tracker. The game however doesn't have much depth.

Stormcloud attack has an app on the mobile phone stores and the downloads are on the GW site.
https://www.warhammer-community.com/2016/12/26/stormcloud-attack-downloads/