What is this $200 iPhone you speak of?
Seriously, I would lean towards a budget DSLR or Mirrrorless camera that can do video, but overheating can be a problem for long video shoots. Alternatively, start with the absolute minimum that meets your needs, perhaps a good web cam, and use that to better determine your needs and use case as to avoid paying features you will not need and skimping on ones you had not anticipated needing.