A Pentagon investigation into a deadly U.S. airstrike on a Médecins Sans Frontières hospital in Kunduz, Afghanistan, has found the attack was the result of human error, compounded by malfunctioning computers and communication failures.

Gen. John Campbell, the commander of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, detailed the findings in a Pentagon briefing Wednesday. "This was a tragic and avoidable accident caused primarily by human error," he said.

What Happened

On Oct. 3, a special operations AC-130 gunship fired on the hospital facility for 29 minutes, according to the Pentagon. However, MSF has said the assault lasted for more than an hour.

The hospital's location was known to the U.S. military, and officials from MSF (also known as Doctors Without Borders) repeatedly phoned U.S. and Afghan military officials during the attack, trying desperately to stop the heavy fire.

The trauma center operated in Kunduz by Doctors Without Borders was in flames after U.S. airstrikes on Saturday that left 22 dead, including medical staff and patients.

At least 30 people, including patients and hospital staff, were killed and 37 others were wounded.

The First Explanations

A spokesman for Afghanistan's Interior Ministry said a day after the airstrike that the hospital was attacked because "terrorists" were hiding inside.

But beginning days after the attack, the U.S. military maintained that the facility was targeted by accident. "We would never intentionally target a protected medical facility," Campbell said Oct. 6.

At the time, U.S. officials did not explain how such a mistake was possible.

Report: A Series Of Avoidable Errors

The report released Wednesday indicates that while some U.S. officials were aware of the hospital's location, the gunship crew was not. The deadly attack "was a direct result of avoidable human error, compounded by process and equipment failures," Gen. Campbell said during the briefing.

The AC-130 gunship was supposed to be firing on a compound of the Afghan national intelligence agency that reportedly had been overrun by Taliban forces. The MSF hospital was 450 yards away from that compound.

The gunship fired on the hospital due to a series of errors, the report found, including:

Team inadequately briefed

The gunship took off 69 minutes early because of an emergency situation with troops on the ground, Campbell said. That meant the aircraft launched without a mission briefing.

When officials realized the gunship was not needed for that situation, it was diverted to Kunduz to target the compound — still lacking the information it otherwise would have received during a standard briefing, including the location of the nearby hospital and the fact that it was on a no-strike list.

Communications equipment malfunctioning

The AC-130's onboard computer was malfunctioning, leaving the crew without the ability to transmit video, email or electronic messages.

That led to insufficient communication between the aircraft crew and troops on the ground, the report found.

Location misidentified and unverified

The gunship, believing it was under attack from a surface-to-air missile, withdrew to an 8-mile orbit around the target in Kunduz — far enough to reduce the accuracy of its targeting methods. As a result, when the flight crew input the coordinates it had been given, the gunship's computers inaccurately displayed an open field as the target, the report found.

As a result, the crew used a physical description of "a large building near an open field" to identify what they thought was the proper target — but which was in fact the MSF hospital. Given the distance and that it was about 2 a.m., the crew was unable to see any signs indicating it was a hospital, according to the report.

The crew didn't undertake "appropriate measures" to verify that the facility was an appropriate target, the Pentagon says.

Contradicting information disregarded

The gunship crew did not observe any hostile activity from the hospital — no gunfire that would indicate it was, as they believed, a hostile target. They continued firing anyway.

As the plane got closer to the target, the computer system began showing the correct target instead of the open field. But the crew was "fixated on the physical description," Campbell says, and did not pay attention to the corrected grid coordinates.

Delay in ground response once notified

When an officer on the ground received a call from MSF indicating that the facility was under attack, it took 17 minutes for commanders to realize it was the AC-130 firing on the wrong target, the Pentagon says.

Questions Remain

About a dozen people have been suspended or are facing disciplinary actions, NPR's Tom Bowman reports. But it's unclear exactly what those consequences might be.

It's also unclear why it took a full 17 minutes for U.S. military personnel on the ground to realize the deadly error and why the Pentagon and MSF give very different durations for the attack.

As Tom notes, there has also been no explanation why the gunship crew would continue to fire — for about half an hour, according to the Pentagon — at a target that was not firing back.

The investigation says that while rules of engagement were violated, the hospital was not intentionally targeted. MSF has alleged in its account of that night that the airstrike presumably was a war crime.

MSF has demanded an independent investigation, saying that relying on an internal U.S. investigation would be "wholly insufficient."

 d-usa wrote:

- US Officials were notified of the location of the hospital, but the gunship crew was not.
- They were called to fire upon a government compound overrun by Taliban forces which was located 450 yards away from the hospital.
- The aircraft initially took to support a different mission and did not receive an actual mission briefing when it was diverted to assist with the compound attack.
- Without the mission briefing they were not made aware of the location of the hospital nor that it was on a no-strike list
- Communication equipment was not working properly and they did not have good communication with ground troops.
- The gunship thought it was under attack and was targeting the compound from 8 miles away
- When they entered the coordinates the computer showed them an empty field due to being so far away that the targeting was inaccurate
- The crew did a visual of "a large building near an open field" and opened fire on the hospital
- There was no visual indication of gunfire that would indicate it as a hostile building, but they continued to fire.
- When the computer showed them the correct building they disregarded that information because they were already firing on a building matching the physical description despite the wrong coordinates
- When the ground officers got a call from MSF that their hospital was under attack it took them 17 minutes to realize that the AC-130 was the one firing on the building.

MSF has demanded an independent investigation, saying that relying on an internal U.S. investigation would be "wholly insufficient."

 d-usa wrote:
It reminds me a little bit about the shooting of the Iranian passenger jet.

 Da Boss wrote:
To be fair, there was quite a lot of "There's no way this was deliberate" and "This is probably a feth up" with a sprinkling of "Well, MSF is known to harbour terrorists" and "I'll wait and see but I bet there were terrorists in there"

I think to be honest though the screw up was awful, the US should be applauded for releasing such a candid analysis of what happened.

 Frazzled wrote:
So when is the report on the Russians bombing a hospital already and the Syrians shelling another hospital coming out?

 Frazzled wrote:

 Da Boss wrote:
To be fair, there was quite a lot of "There's no way this was deliberate" and "This is probably a feth up" with a sprinkling of "Well, MSF is known to harbour terrorists" and "I'll wait and see but I bet there were terrorists in there"

I think to be honest though the screw up was awful, the US should be applauded for releasing such a candid analysis of what happened.

And of course the low level guys get blamed. Who gave the shoot order? Who's commanding the unit that called in the strike and doesn't seem to realize the strike is not hitting the target (supposedly). No mention of these guys. Blame the victim!


Automatically Appended Next Post:
So when is the report on the Russians bombing a hospital already and the Syrians shelling another hospital coming out?

 Frazzled wrote:
So when is the report on the Russians bombing a hospital already and the Syrians shelling another hospital coming out?

 Ouze wrote:

 Frazzled wrote:
So when is the report on the Russians bombing a hospital already and the Syrians shelling another hospital coming out?

Is your argument that we should be just as indiscriminate as the Russians and the Syrians? "They did it first" on a national scale?

Co'tor Shas wrote:They won't, because the Russian public doesn't care. The American public, OTOH, does.

 d-usa wrote:
We are not even past page 1 and the thread already got hit with the Frazzled "rarara frazzle frazzle herp derp" train.

 MrDwhitey wrote:
I doubt that will be the case.

 d-usa wrote:


I got eight different officers.
I beg your pardon?
Eight officers.
Eight?
Eight, Bob. So that means that when I make a mistake, I have eight different people coming by to tell me about it. That's my only real motivation is not to be hassled, that and the fear of an Article 15. But you know, Bob, that will only make someone work just hard enough not to get court martialed.